Sensitive teeth, also known as dentine hypersensitivity, are a very common dental concern. People with sensitive teeth often experience a short, sharp pain when eating or drinking something hot, cold, sweet, acidic, or even when breathing in cold air.
Tooth sensitivity can range from mild occasional discomfort to significant pain that interferes with daily life. Fortunately, sensitive teeth are often manageable once the underlying cause is identified.
Underneath the enamel of the tooth is a softer layer called dentine. Dentine contains microscopic tubules that connect to the nerve of the tooth. When dentine becomes exposed, certain triggers can stimulate the nerve and cause pain.
Common causes of tooth sensitivity include:
The enamel is the hard protective outer layer of the tooth. Over time, enamel can wear down due to:
As enamel becomes thinner, the dentine underneath becomes more exposed.
When gums recede, the roots of the teeth may become exposed. Unlike the crown of the tooth, roots are not covered by thick enamel and can be highly sensitive.
Gum recession may occur due to:
Grinding or clenching teeth places excessive force on the teeth and can wear away enamel over time. This may lead to:
Cavities, leaking fillings, or cracked teeth may expose the sensitive inner layers of the tooth and cause pain.
Some patients experience temporary sensitivity after:
This sensitivity is often temporary and improves with time.
Special toothpastes for sensitive teeth can help block pain signals from reaching the nerve.
These products often contain ingredients such as:
Improvement may take several weeks of regular use.
Professional fluoride applications may help strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
Your dentist may also recommend:
Brushing too aggressively can contribute to gum recession and enamel wear.
Helpful tips include:
If grinding or clenching is contributing to sensitivity, your dentist may recommend:
