Oral cancer refers to cancers that develop in the mouth, lips, tongue, gums, cheeks, floor of the mouth, palate, or throat region. Although oral cancer is less common than tooth decay or gum disease, it is a serious condition that can significantly affect health, speech, swallowing, and quality of life. Oral cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the tissues of the mouth or throat.
Early detection is extremely important. When diagnosed early, oral cancer is often more treatable and outcomes are generally better. Dentists play an important role in screening for oral cancer during routine dental examinations by checking the soft tissues of the mouth, tongue, lips, and throat for any unusual changes.
There is no single cause of oral cancer, but several factors can significantly increase the risk.
Smoking is one of the largest risk factors for oral cancer.
This includes:
Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that damage the cells lining the mouth and throat.
Heavy alcohol use also increases the risk of oral cancer, particularly when combined with smoking.
Certain strains of HPV, particularly HPV-16, are associated with cancers involving the throat and tonsil region.
Excessive sun exposure can increase the risk of cancer affecting the lips.
Oral cancer is more common in older adults, although it can occur at any age.
Premedication involves taking a tablet before your appointment to help you feel relaxed.
How it works:
These medications (commonly from the benzodiazapine family) help to:
You will still be awake and able to respond, but feel calmer and less overwhelmed
What to Expect:
Is it Safe?
When prescribed appropriately, premedication is safe and widely used in dentistry. Your dentist will review your medical history to ensure it is suitable for you.
Oral cancer may not always cause pain in its early stages, which is why regular examinations are important.
Possible warning signs include:
Any unusual area that does not heal or improve should be assessed promptly.
Oral cancer can appear in different ways, including:
Not all mouth ulcers or patches are cancerous, but persistent changes should never be ignored.
During a dental examination, your dentist will assess:
If an unusual area is found, your dentist may:
A biopsy involves taking a small tissue sample for laboratory testing.
Treatment depends on:
Treatment may involve:
Some patients require a combination of treatments.
Although not all cases are preventable, the risk can be reduced by:
